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Secrets Windows XP.

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As is known, in products of corporation Microsoft adjustment of many options, unfortunately, is latent from the user. However the universal remedy for change of parameters of system and programs nevertheless exists. Those is the reference to system register Windows. It is possible to assert safely, that of readers (and most likely and to the majority) this concept will seem to much unfamiliar. And it is quite natural: in fact practically all users have got used to work with operational system in its standard execution (that is, with the adjustments determined by the manufacturer by default), not guessing at all that in completely elementary image it is possible to modify her under the individual tastes and preferences.

Starting our conversation on secrets Windows, we shall try to understand, that such the system register. Strongly simplifying, the term "register" can be understood as original nervous system Windows. That is, it connects all components of operational system together. If to speak more particularly the register represents a database containing the information on current adjustments Windows, its components, services and services, and also about parameters of the established appendices.

We shall result a simple example which will help to understand, that in general occurs to the register at performance of the various operations connected to change of adjustments of system. Besides we shall show, as it is possible, changing keys of the register to receive the result similar to a volume as though we simply used standard means Windows for updating its parameters.

For the beginning replace wall-paper of a desktop. For this purpose, having clicked the right button of the mouse on a desktop, in the appeared menu involve a command of "Property", then in a dialogue window " Properties: the screen " pass on tab "Desktop" where from the list choose the necessary file. For example, establish wall-paper "Bubbles". At performance of this simple operation Windows will change in corresponding places of the register keys, having registered a way to the graphic file chosen as a back background.

Agree, it would be very interesting to learn, where also which changes have taken place as a result of the above described operation. For this purpose it is necessary to open the editor of the register. To make it it is possible, having involved a command "To execute" button " Start-up ". Thus the dialogue window in which line of input type a name of the file starting necessary us the editor of the register - "regedit" will appear. In result on the screen his window broken (similarly to Conductor Windows) on two panels will appear. At the left in it root sections of the register in which the keys incorporated by a principle of functions carried out by them are placed are located. Go on sections, you will find out, that the structure of the register reminds a tree: root sections, being splitted up on more and more specific branches, lead us to keys. They also contain the information on the current adjustments.

For example, the section [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE] contains the data on a hardware configuration and the established software in system, and the section [HKEY_USERS] stores the information on the loaded structures of users, including a structure set by default (the structure of the user is the file containing data on adjustments for the concrete user, such as adjustments of a desktop, constant network connections and parameters of appendices).

The volume of the register is huge. Therefore to find a necessary key, simply moving on his branches, rather uneasy. For this reason frequently an optimum variant of performance of a task in view is use of system of search. So, if we have defined as wall-paper of a desktop any file (in our example it "Пузыри.bmp" from folder C:\ Windows) to find a key of the register in which there were changes, to us is necessary to enter a name of the given file in a line of dialogue of search (is caused by pressing of a combination [Ctrl] + [F]). As a result of this operation the displayed information in panels will change. So, in the left panel you will see sections of the register: among them there will be what contains a key with the value set as parameter of search. The name of the necessary unit will appear in the bottom of a window of the editor in a line of the status. In the right panel the keys corresponding to the given section of the register (necessary for us it is allocated by the cursor) settle down. More to the right of the name of a key - value, to it appropriated. Naturally, it is impossible to exclude that case when keys with the data necessary to us can be a little. Then for continuation of search with the same conditions press a key [F3]. A result of these operations will be revealing all keys of the register containing a required line of search.

In our case among results you can receive about the following.

Section [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Control Panel\ Desktop], key Wallpaper, value C:\ Windows\ Пузыри.bmp ".

Section [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Internet Explorer\ Desktop\ General], key BackupWallpaper, value " %SystemRoot %\ Bubbles.bmp ".

Section [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Internet Explorer\ Desktop\ General], key Wallpaper, value " %SystemRoot %\ Bubbles.bmp ".

Becomes clear, that, having replaced wall-paper Windows on a file with name "Пузыри.bmp", keys of the register too were accordingly modified.

Now we shall try to replace in these keys "Пузыри.bmp" with, say, "Parquet bmp". For this purpose again begin search in the register, and on each key found by you click two times the mouse for a call of dialogue of editing of his contents. After end of operation of replacement of values of all three keys close the editor of the register. Then the right button of the mouse click on a desktop and choose from the menu item "To update". In the event that all have been made correctly, you will see, how wall-paper Windows were replaced: instead of the image from file "Пузыри.bmp" the picture from "Parquet bmp" will appear.

Thus, it is easy enough to make sure that system parameters can be changed, resorting to the help not only standard means Windows, but also using the editor of the register. It is necessary to note once again, what not all adjustments of operational system manage to be modified, using the built - in functions. Therefore many operations cannot be executed without the help of the editor of the register.

Rather interesting would be to learn all the same, that it is possible to do with system options by means of the register to optimize, for example, environment under the tastes and preferences. In this clause we shall consider the most useful opportunities in this area. Besides we shall result some examples of updating of operational system without use of the register counting upon that they also will seem important for simplification of daily work with Windows.

We change a threshold of delivery of the prevention of lack of an empty seat on a disk

By default, when free remain less than 10 % of space on any of logic sections of a hard disk, Windows will inform you on it occurrence of an icon in the field of notices (the right bottom corner of the panel of problems - there where hours and labels for fast start of programs settle down) together with the message on shortage of an empty seat on the winchester. In the event that Windows (unduly being reinsured) prevents your work as constant occurrence of preventions of a similar sort, you can change a threshold (in percentage terms) deliveries of the given message. For this purpose it is necessary for you to execute the following actions:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_LOCAL_MA-CHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Services\ LanmanServer\ Parameters];

3. In the menu "Editing" choose "To create" - " Parameter DWORD ";

4. Enter a name "DiskSpaceThreshold", press [Enter];

5. Twice having clicked a mousy on the created key, specify in it a threshold of a conclusion of the prevention as decimal value from 0 up to 99 (that is percent from volume of a disk). Press OK;

6. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

We disconnect the message on lack of an empty seat on a disk

In general to disconnect occurrence of the message on lack of an empty seat on a hard disk (see above), execute the following actions:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Policies\ Explorer];

3. In the menu "Editing" choose "To create" - " Parameter DWORD ";

4. Enter a name "NoLowDiskSpaceChecks", press [Enter];

5. Twice having clicked a mousy on the created key, set value "1". Press OK;

6. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

We adjust Windows on automatic end of problems which have hung and have ceased to answer

At times so happens, that some program hangs, that is does not react to the reference to it. Then it is necessary to finish compulsorily the given appendix, for example, by means of a choice of a command "To close" the menu, appearing at click by the right button of the mouse on an icon of the program, or using the Dispatcher of problems (it is caused by a combination of keys [Ctrl] + [Shift] + [Esc]). However it is possible to make so that Windows automatically finished the hanged appendices. For this purpose execute the following actions:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\ Control Panel\ Desktop]. Here there are some keys necessary for us:

- Key HungAppTimeout defines time after which not adequate appendix is considered hanged (by default these are 5000 milliseconds). Change value of a key on necessary.

- Key WaitToKillAppTimeout sets a waiting time before end of the hanged appendix (by default 20000 milliseconds). Change value of a key on necessary.

- Having appropriated key AutoEndTasks value "1", you allow to finish to system the hanged processes automatically.

3. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

It is necessary to pay attention necessarily that at installation of too small values in the listed above keys there can be problems with autoend of the started problems. It is connected by that the appendix actually can not answer long time inquiries of the user in a case enough to the big congestion of the processor his performance or work with other programs.

We cause " the dark blue screen of death "

" The Dark blue screen of death " (Blue Screen of Death) is the built - in mechanism of interception of mistakes which can lead to damage of the data or systems as a whole. Such situation arises, when there are malfunctions in functioning the built - in services or programs of the user. Externally it is shown as a sudden stop of work of Windows environment with delivery on the screen of the technical information on a dark blue background. After that it is necessary to overload system only.

It appears, such situation can be caused manually, having interrupted work Windows. Such necessity can arise, if, for example, the system does not react to pressing well-known [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Del] (at use of button Reset end of work will be rough). A combination of keys for a call of " the dark blue screen of death " the following: keeping right [Ctrl], two times press on [Scroll Lock]. That the system distinguished the given combination, do the following:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_LOCAL_ MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Services\ i8042prt\ Parameters];

3. In the menu "Editing" choose "To create" - " Parameter DWORD ";

4. Enter a name "CrashOnCtrlScroll", press [Enter];

5. Twice having clicked a mousy on the created key, set any nonzero value, for example "1". Press OK;

6. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

We change a pause before start of program CHKDSK

In case of incorrect end of a session in Windows (for example, at malfunctions in the electric system) at the following loading operational system special program CHKDSK is started. She is intended for creation and display of the report on a condition of a hard disk, drawing up of the list of mistakes and their correction. CHKDSK will start in such a manner that the user can interrupt its work if does not see need for check of disks. Time during which it is possible to refuse start of this program or to continue to wait the beginnings of its work, is submitted as the timer with the preestablished value of return readout in 10 seconds. If you would like to change this time for another, for example, for acceleration of loading of system, in a command line (Start > All programs > Standard > Command a line) it is necessary to type:

chkntfs/t:n, where n - number of seconds of time of return readout.

We solve a problem of installation of programs in Windows XP

Rather frequently at work with Windows XP there is a situation when some programs do not wish to be established normally. It is expressed that, as well as is necessary, in the beginning there is a window of the control over a course of process which indicator displays a degree of completeness of installation as a percentage scale. When installation reaches practically the end (it noticeably to that the indicator is painted over up to 100 %), process of installation stops, in spite of the fact that continues to be actively in memory of a computer.

Business all that at installation of the new program is started her program (the program establishing the appendix) for which the place on gesture a disk for time storage of the files necessary for successful end of process of installation is necessary. And so, the given problem arises in the event that the way for a folder of storage of time files has too long name. It leads to to that program successfully places them there, but then cannot find.

For the decision of this problem it is enough to specify rather short way for a folder of storage of time files. That it to make, click the right button of the mouse on a badge " my computer ". In the appeared menu choose a command of "Property", then, appearing in a dialogue window of " Property of system ", pass on tab"In addition" where press the button " Variable environments ". In the top part of the appeared window the area " Variable environments of the user " where it is possible to find out options necessary for us settles down. Then change values of variables TEMP and TMP. For this purpose enter a new way to a folder of storage of time files (short enough and, it it it is desirable, not having Russian letters in the name), we admit, " C:\ Temp ". After you will make it, it is possible to remove a folder, the way to which has been registered in the given place before the changes made by you.

Except for the given problem, one more is kept, consisting that the some people programs try to establish the appendix to the concrete address on a hard disk. Namely, " %windir %\ Temp ", where " %windir % " - a way of an arrangement of folder Windows. For example, the address can be such: " C:\ Windows\ Temp ". Fortunately, similar programs meet rather seldom but if the above described way of change of ways for storage of time files (suddenly) does not help, it is possible to try to create the given folder, thus resolved a problem.

We disconnect key Windows

On many keyboards there is the special key named "Windows", or is simple "Win". Its use frequently facilitates performance of some operations. However in some cases there is a necessity of its switching-off (for example, this key can prevent in games). For deactivation of key Win execute the following steps:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_LOCAL_MA-CHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Control\ Keyboard Layout];

3. In the menu "Editing" choose "To create" - " Binary parameter ";

4. Enter a name " Scancode Map ", press [Enter];

5. Twice having clicked the mouse on the created key, define the following value: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 0000 5BE0 0000 5CE0 0000 0000. Enter without blanks: they here only for convenience of representation. Press OK;

6. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

We work with Internet Explorer in a mode of a booth

Observer Internet Explorer, since the fourth version, is able to work in Full screen a mode. To proceed in him it is possible, having pressed key F11. However thus on the screen all the same there are some managing elements. It appears, it is possible to start Internet Explorer in a special mode (so-called " a mode of a booth " (kiosk mode)) when on the screen does not remain in general any managing elements. It can be useful, for example, at viewing the images which are not finding room entirely on the screen, or for those who has got used to use space of seen area of the monitor effectively. For work in " a mode of a booth " it is necessary to start Interner Explorer with the instruction of the following keys (keys register in properties of the program): iexplore-k "page"

Thus the address or, in a case only one parameter "-k" will open specified in parameter "page", the starting page accepted by default, for example will be loaded: iexplore-k http: // yandex.ru

Working in " a mode of a booth ", you can use the following combinations of keys for performance of those or other actions:

Ctrl+A - To allocate all page

Ctrl+B - To order Elected (Fa-vorites)

Ctrl+C - To copy in the buffer

Ctrl+F - To find on page

Ctrl+H - To open Magazine (History)

Ctrl+L - To open a window of input of the address (it is similar Ctrl+O)

Ctrl+N - To create a new window (opens in a usual mode)

Ctrl+O - To open a window of input of the address (it is similar Ctrl+L)

Ctrl+P - the Seal

Ctrl+R - To update page

Ctrl+S - To keep page

Ctrl+V - To insert from the buffer

Ctrl+W - To close a window (it is similar Alt+F4)

Ctrl+X - To cut out in the buffer

Alt+F4 - To close a window (it is similar Ctrl+W)

Alt+Влево - Back

Alt+Вправо - Forward

Esc - To stop loading page

F5 - To update page

We increase productivity NTFS

Windows XP allows to use NTFS - the improved file system providing a sufficient level of speed and safety, and also giving the additional opportunities inaccessible in one version of file system FAT.

To learn, whether there are in system sections with NTFS, it is possible, having opened " my computer " and go on logic sections of a hard disk; to look, what type of file system is compared to each of them - item "In detail" in the left panel of a window.

However at work with NTFS some reduction of productivity can be observed. It is connected by that at opening any folders and files the system updates labels of last access to objects that at their big quantity can lead to decrease in speed of access.

Besides for compatibility with old appendices Windows XP creates in section with NTFS the special table containing all names of files and folders (the given logic disk), submitted in format MS-DOS (8 symbols in a name and 3 symbols for expansion of a file). Now similar specificity NTFS is not actual, therefore this feature is desirable for disconnecting for increase in productivity.

Now we shall pass directly to the description of process of blocking of these users of mechanisms NTFS unnecessary for the majority:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Control\ FileSystem];

3. In the menu "Editing" choose "To create" - " Parameter DWORD ";

4. Enter a name "NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate", press [Enter];

5. Repeat item 3;

6. Enter a name "NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation", press [Enter];

7. Register value "1" in each of the created keys. Press OK;

8. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

We disconnect the sounds issued by the speaker (built - in spikier a computer)

At performance of some operations in Windows XP environment built - in spikier as a computer can sound. In case it prevents you, it is possible to clean the given property, having disconnected corresponding drivers. For this purpose execute the following steps:

1. Having clicked the right button of the mouse on a badge " my computer ", choose in the appeared menu item of "Property"; then in a dialogue window of " Property of system ", go on tab "Equipment", press the button " the Dispatcher of devices ".

2. In the menu "Kind" put a tag opposite to item " To show the latent devices ".

3. In the list of a window " the Dispatcher of devices " open a branch " Drivers of devices not Plug and Play ".

4. Click a mousy on device " Beep " twice.

5. In a window " Properties: Beep " on tab "General" in the falling list " Application of the device " choose " This device it is not used it (is switched - off) ". Press OK.

We accelerate work of interface Windows XP

In the event that at you operative memory function of deenergizing of visual effects (for example, smooth expansion of the menu) which, undoubtedly, slow down work of system can be necessary for more comfortable work is established not enough. For this purpose execute the following steps:

1. Having clicked the right button of the mouse on a badge " my computer ", in the appeared menu choose item of "Property"; then in a dialogue window of " Property of system ", перейдя on вкладку "In addition", press button " Parameters " from area "Speed".

2. In a window " Parameters of speed " on вкладке " Visual effects " can switch off each of them separately or all at once, having noted item " To provide the best speed ".

3. Press OK

4. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe).

5. Open a branch [HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\ SYSTEM\ Control Panel\ Desktop].

6. In the right panel of the editor of the register choose key MenuShowDelay. By default his value is equal 400 - time of a delay in milliseconds after which there are revealed menus.

7. Twice having clicked the mouse on this key, enter value "0" for elimination of a delay. If you will set value "1" the effect of animation will be blocked at turning / deployment of windows. Press OK.

8. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

To achieve acceleration of start of appendices, and also to release a little operative memory it is possible switching-off of debugger Dr. Watson - the special program which allows to carry out diagnostics of mistakes. For this purpose make the following:

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe);

2. Open a branch [HKEY_LOCAL_MA-CHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows NT\ CurrentVersion\ AeDebug];

3. In the right panel of the editor of the register click a mousy on key Auto twice and enter value "0". Press OK;

4. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

Besides it is possible to disconnect loading of unnecessary system services, that also will affect increase in speed. It would be desirable to notice, that this procedure is unsafe as it can lead неработоспособности systems therefore carefully check that you do. For performance of this operation do the following steps:

1. Open "Control panel" through the menu "Start-up". Choose item "Administration", then in the appeared window pass on dialogue of "Service". Here there is a list of services, each of which is supplied with marks about the current condition and type of start.

2. Click named services twice, to disconnect which you want. Thus you will pass to a dialogue window of properties in which there is an area " Type of start " with the falling menu. Here it is necessary for you to choose item "is switched - off".

3. Press OK.

Services, which can be switched - off (depending on needs of the user), get out of the following not full, the list: the DHCP-client. Is responsible for automatic distribution of IP-addresses. If there is no network (either local, or the modem) the service is not necessary.

Magazine of events. Is engaged in that conducts magazine of system and program events, and also events in system of safety. If you are sure, that in system all is optimum adjusted, the service can be disconnected.

The protected storehouse. Serves for protection of the important data, keys of users. Forbids not authorized access. If you do not have network (including Internet) or the high level of safety is not required, the given service can be disconnected.

A source of a uninterrupted feed. The service operates work of uninterrupted power supplies (UPS). If those are not present, she can be disconnected.

An observer of computers. Updates the list of computers in a network. If you do not have local network the service can be disconnected.

Оповещатель. Accepts and sends the messages sent by the manager. If you do not have network and the manager the service can be disconnected.

The scheduler of the task. Is responsible for start of the certain programs during necessary time. For example, it is possible so it to adjust that check of disks or their defragmentation every day was started. If similar functions are not necessary for you, this service can be disconnected.

A server. Provides the general access to printers, folders and files, and also support of procedure of the removed call. In case at you is not present neither a network card, nor the modem, the given service is not necessary for you.

Network connections. The service is engaged in management of objects in a directory " the Network and the removed access to a network ", that is all network connections. If there is no network the service becomes not necessary.

Services IPSEC. Service of safety of report TCP/IP. If you do not use him, it is possible to switch off it.

A telephony. Works with the modem. If the modem is not present, service is not necessary.

Telnet. Provides an opportunity of connection and the removed work with computers under report Telnet. If you are sure, that the service is not useful, the given service can be disconnected.

The notice on system events. Traces system events. If you are sure, that in system all is optimum adjusted, the service can be disconnected.

The removed register. Allows to carry out the removed manipulations with the register. Most likely, the service can be a network useful only to managers.

We accelerate work with memory Windows XP

The register there are some keys, modifying which, you can speed up work of a subsystem of memory Windows. Certainly, to change parameters follows with the big care as incorrectly entered values can lead full неработоспособности systems. It is necessary to notice, that described below techniques will lead to due effect, only if at you enough great volume of operative memory is established.

1. Start the editor of the register (regedit.exe).

2. Open a branch [HKEY_LOCAL_MA-CHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Control \ Session Manager\ Memory Management]. Here there are some keys which updating of values can help us.

3. Key DisablePagingExecutive. At inclusion of this parameter the nucleus of system and drivers will not enter the name in a file of pumping Windows (a so-called swap-file which represents the reserved space on a hard disk, serving as time storehouse of the information from operative memory with the purpose of clearing of last), and will stay in operative memory. Thus, system and appendices will faster react to actions of the user as operations of an input / conclusion of the data from memory are carried out with the greater speed in comparison with data exchange on a hard disk. For inclusion of parameter appropriate to the given key value "1" to switch off it is value "0".

4. Key LargeSystemCache. Activation of the given key, similarly to previous, forces Windows to use memory for storage of a nucleus of system (and, thus, accelerates access to it). For inclusion of parameter appropriate to the given key value "1" to switch off it is value "0".

5. Key IOPageLockLimit. Installation of the given option will speed up performance of operations of an input / conclusion at a plenty of transmitted files. Optimum value is selected experimentally. Figures from which you can proceed, approximately the following: if at you 32 Mb of operative memory the parameter should be equal approximately 4 Mb are established, at 64 Mb - 8 Mb, 128 Mb - 16 Mb, 256 Mb and more - 64 Mb. To define new value of parameter it is necessary in байтах. Therefore, if, for example, you want to establish new value in 16 Mb, increase 16 two times on 1024.

6. Close the editor of the register and overload system.

We reduce the size established Windows XP

If you have a necessity to release a place on a hard disk, you can reduce volume already established and adjusted Windows XP removal or change of those or other components which are not essentially important for the user.

First, it is possible to remove a folder " %SystemRoot %\ DriverCache\ i386\ " where " %SystemRoot % " there is a way of system directory Windows. Generally, to this address the set of necessary drivers but in case the system is already established settles down and in the near future change of the hardware of a computer it is possible to delete the given folder safely is not supposed. Subsequently, if you need to update the equipment of a computer, the system will simply demand to insert CD ROM with adjusting copy Windows.

Second, there is a so-called cache of the protected system files. It is a special folder in which original copies of the important files of operational system are stored. If any from components Windows it is damaged, there is his automatic restoration from a cache. The size of this folder by default makes about 400 Mb. It is possible to change the size of a cache by means of a command "sfc" (it is entered in a command line) with parameter "/cachesize" which will define his volume. Further it is necessary to remove manually this directory and if to not set "/cachesize" equal to zero (" sfc/cachesize=0 ") at the following check of protected system files Windows again will fill the cache up to the volume set by default.

Thirdly, for steady work Windows suggests to use restoration of system. In case of occurrence of any problems this function will help to return operational system in that condition what it was before occurrence of malfunctions (though, certainly, the advantage of application of this opportunity is rather doubtful). However, together with it, the volume borrowed with the information on previous conditions Windows grows also. The size of the given points of restoration can reach 20 % from capacity of each of logic disks. Completely to disconnect the given function of system, it is necessary for you to do the following steps:

1. Having clicked the right button of the mouse on a badge " my computer ", in the appeared menu choose item of "Property", then in a dialogue window " Properties of system " pass on вкладку " Restoration of system ".

2. Put a tag opposite to item " To disconnect restoration of system on all disks ".

3. Press OK.

Try to realize the advice described above in practice - and the author of this clause is absolutely confident, that results will pleasantly surprise you.

The author: Jury Strelchenco

Source: http: // www.nestor.minsk.by/kg

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